Tuesday, November 22, 2011
Tuesday, November 15, 2011
CYSTIC FIBROSIS - A DISORDER OF MEMBRANE TRANSPORT
1. What are the signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
a. Signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis are very salty-tasting skin; persistent coughing, at times with phlegm; frequent lung infections; wheezing or shortness of breath; poor growth/weight gain in spite of a good appetite; and frequent greasy, bulky stools or difficulty in bowel movements.
2. How common is this disorder?
a. This disorder if very comon around 30,000 children and adults in the United States (70,000 worldwide) have it.
3. How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed?
a. Cystic fibrosis is diagnosed through different methods sweat testing, newborn screening, and genetic carrier testing.
4. How is cystic fibrosis inherited? Does everyone who has a mutant gene for the protein have cystic fibrosis?
a.To have cystic fibrosis, a child must inherit one copy of the defective CF gene from each parent.
1. Explain the normal function of the protein that is defective in cystic fibrosis.
a. Its normal function is to control the flow of chloride ions from the cell.
2. What happens to this protein in CF patients and what are the consequences for the health of these individuals?
a. The flow of chloride ions and of sodium ions (Na+) are fundamentally altered
1. Explain at least 3 treatments for the symptoms of cystic fibrosis.
1. Medication
2.Therapy
3.Surgical and other procedures
2. Discuss at least 3 ways for parents to help their children who have cystic fibrosis.
1.Oral emzymes and better nutrion-healthy diet and keep from fatty foods
2.Drink lots of fluids-make sure they stay hydrated
3.keep immunizations up to date-make sure to get annual flu shot
4.exercise-get a good habit of exercise
5.eliminate smoke-don’t smoke around kids
6.encourage hand washing-make sure they wash hands really well everytime they are done playing outside, or using the bathroom
Wednesday, November 9, 2011
Osmosis Before and After Lab Results (Graph)
This time yesterday we made our own experiment to see if the water inside the cup rushed into the membrane. To do this we weighed the membrane with solution inside before they went into to there own respective cups. Then today when we entered class we took out each membrane and weighed them. The results showing in the graph give us a visual understanding of the results we got. In each one now matter how little each had water that went into the membrane.
Monday, November 7, 2011
Diffusion and Osmosis Lab
In the following experiment we had to create a cell membrane using a dialysis bag. We tied one end of the bag with a piece of string and opened the other end to place 15% of glucose and 1% of starch. Once we got that in bag we tied off the other end. While I was working on the bag my partner was working on the cup. She had to get a plastic 8-oz cup and fill it with 4 mL of IKI ( iodine solution). She also had to fill it up with distilled water. Then she mixed it well to make a brown color. She tested the cup with a Urine Reagent Strip, a strip to test a person's glucose levels, to make sure no glucose was in the water. Then we both recorded the color and the glucose levels on a sheet of paper. After recording the color we then place our glucose dialysis bag into the water. We left it on the counter and waited about 30 minutes then took a look at it again. The diffusion already started to happen. The water and IKI was starting to turn light brown. The glucose and starch inside were starting to turn a black color. We tested it again with another strip and both tested positive for glucose.
We left for the weekend and then came back today to see the final results. When we went to look at the cup a lot of changes occurred. On a sheet of paper we had to answer analysis of results questions. Here are the questions:
1) A)How would you explain the results you obtained?
Over the weekend our glucose and iodine (IKI) experiment had a drastic change. The iodine turned from a brown color to transparent. The glucose and starch membrane turned to a purple, blackish color.
B) Which substance(s) are entering the bag and which are leaving the bag? Support your answer with experimental evidence.
The iodine and distilled water entered the membrane because it started out as a brown color and is now transparent. The glucose and starch were leaving because it started out white and turned a blackish purple color. We also tested the water for glucose and there was a count of 100/5 mg in the water.
2) What evidence could have been collected to show quantitatively that water diffused into the dialysis bag? The color and glucose levels of the experiment show that the water diffused into the membrane, (dialysis bag).
3) What results would you expect if the experiment started with a glucose and IKI (iodine) solution inside the bag and only starch and water outside? Why?
We think that the IKI solution would not diffuse as well because of the starch and water on the outside of the dialysis bag.
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